Albania

*Byrek me kungull dhe arre – Traditional Albanian pumpkin and walnut pie cooked usually on Christmas Eve, especially in Catholic families.

Argentina

Panettone Panettone (, ; lmo, label= Milanese, panetton ) is an Italian type of sweet bread, and fruitcake, originally from Milan, usually prepared and enjoyed for Christmas and New Year in Western, Southern, and Southeastern Europe as well as in South ...

(known locally as ''pan dulce'') and

turrón Turrón (), or torrone (), is a southwestern European nougat confection, typically made of honey, sugar, and egg white, with toasted almonds or other nuts, and usually shaped into either a rectangular tablet or a round cake. It is frequently c ...

are the most popular Christmas sweets in Argentina regardless of

socioeconomic status Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic access to resources and social position in relation to others. When analyzing a family's ...

, with 76% of Argentines choosing the former and 59% the latter in 2015.

Mantecol Mantecol is the brand name of a typical dessert of the cuisine of Argentina,

, a typical peanut dessert, is also popular, being favored by 49% of Argentines in the same survey.

Sparkling wine Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy. While the phrase commonly refers to champagne, European Union countries legally reserve that term for products exclusively produced in the Champagne regi ...

cider Cider ( ) is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. Cider is widely available in the United Kingdom (particularly in the West Country) and the Republic of Ireland. The UK has the world's highest per capita consumption, ...

s and

frizzante Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy. While the phrase commonly refers to champagne, European Union countries legally reserve that term for products exclusively produced in the Champagne regi ...

s concentrate most of their sales during Christmas season; sparkling wine is mostly consumed by small families with high and medium socioeconomic status living in

Greater Buenos Aires Greater Buenos Aires ( es, Gran Buenos Aires, GBA), also known as the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area ( es, Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, AMBA), refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the adj ...

and the country's largest cities, while cider and frizzantes are popular among lower classes and large families. * Vitel toné *

Turrón Turrón (), or torrone (), is a southwestern European nougat confection, typically made of honey, sugar, and egg white, with toasted almonds or other nuts, and usually shaped into either a rectangular tablet or a round cake. It is frequently c ...

Pan dulce Pan dulce, literally meaning "sweet bread", is the general name for a variety of Mexican pastries. Bread was introduced in Mexico by Spanish colonists, settlers and immigrants; however, Mexican pan dulce as we know it today rose to popularity ...

Asado ' () is the technique and the social event of having or attending a barbecue in various South American countries, especially Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay where it is also a traditional event. An ''asado'' usually consists of beef, por ...

(

beef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (''Bos taurus''). In prehistoric times, humankind hunted aurochs and later domesticated them. Since that time, numerous breeds of cattle have been bred specifically for the quality or quantit ...

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adu ...

calf Calf most often refers to: * Calf (animal), the young of domestic cattle. * Calf (leg), in humans (and other primates), the back portion of the lower leg Calf or calves may also refer to: Biology and animal byproducts *Veal, meat from calves *C ...

lamb Lamb or The Lamb may refer to: * A young sheep * Lamb and mutton, the meat of sheep Arts and media Film, television, and theatre * ''The Lamb'' (1915 film), a silent film starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr. in his screen debut * ''The Lamb'' (1918 ...

suckling pig A suckling pig is a piglet fed on its mother's milk (i.e., a piglet which is still a "suckling"). In culinary contexts, a suckling pig is slaughtered between the ages of two and six weeks. It is traditionally cooked whole, often roasted, in ...

) * Clericó (or ), a

sangria Sangria (, es, sangría , pt, sangria ) is an alcoholic beverage originating in Spain and Portugal. Under EU regulations only those two Iberian nations can label their product as Sangria; similar products from different regions are differ ...

-like beverage that combines wine with chopped fruit. *

Cider Cider ( ) is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. Cider is widely available in the United Kingdom (particularly in the West Country) and the Republic of Ireland. The UK has the world's highest per capita consumption, ...

(

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus '' Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancest ...

, pineapple) and

sparkling wine Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy. While the phrase commonly refers to champagne, European Union countries legally reserve that term for products exclusively produced in the Champagne regi ...

* Budín *

Salad A salad is a dish consisting of mixed, mostly natural ingredients with at least one raw ingredient. They are typically served at room temperature or chilled, though some can be served warm. Condiments and salad dressings, which exist in a va ...

s **

Russian salad Olivier salad ( rus, link=no, салат Оливье, salat Olivye) is a traditional salad dish in Russian cuisine, which is also popular in other post-Soviet countries and around the world. In different modern recipes, it is usually made with d ...

Waldorf salad A Waldorf salad is a fruit and nut salad generally made of fresh apples, celery, walnuts, and grapes, dressed in mayonnaise, and traditionally served on a bed of lettuce as an appetizer or a light meal. The apples, celery, and grapes can all ...

Fruit salad Fruit salad is a dish consisting of various kinds of fruit, sometimes served in a liquid, either their juices or a syrup. In different forms, fruit salad can be served as an appetizer or a side salad. When served as an appetizer, a fruit sala ...

Pionono Pionono describes different sweet or savory pastries from Granada, Spain, the Caribbean, South America, and the Philippines. It is named after Pope Pius IX's name in Spanish, . By country Spain Piononos are small pastries traditional in Santa ...

Matambre Matambre is the name of a very thin cut of beef in Argentina, Uruguay and also Paraguay. It is a rose colored muscle taken between the skin and the ribs of the steer, a sort of flank steak. It is not the cut known normally in the U.S. as flank ...

* Lengua a la vinagreta * Garrapiñadas,

dried fruit Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to th ...

s and comfits *

Mantecol Mantecol is the brand name of a typical dessert of the cuisine of Argentina,

Sandwiches de miga ''Sándwiches de miga'', also called ''rafaelitos'', are popular food items in Argentina and Uruguay, where they are often consumed at parties. Rather than making them from scratch, Argentines usually buy them at a local bakery. They can be toas ...

* Pavita

Australia

* White Christmas, a sweet slice made of

copha Copha, a registered trademark of Peerless Foods, is a form of vegetable fat shortening made from hydrogenated coconut oil. Copha is produced only in Australia, but there are many suppliers of hydrogenated coconut fat in various forms worldwide. It ...

and mixed fruit * Cold

ham Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking."Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39. As a processed meat, the term "ham ...

and cold

turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

Seafood Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus an ...

and

salad A salad is a dish consisting of mixed, mostly natural ingredients with at least one raw ingredient. They are typically served at room temperature or chilled, though some can be served warm. Condiments and salad dressings, which exist in a va ...

s *

Roast Roasting is a cooking method that uses dry heat where hot air covers the food, cooking it evenly on all sides with temperatures of at least from an open flame, oven, or other heat source. Roasting can enhance the flavor through caramelizatio ...

, ham and turkey *

Stuffing Stuffing, filling, or dressing is an edible mixture, often composed of herbs and a starch such as bread, used to fill a cavity in the preparation of another food item. Many foods may be stuffed, including poultry, seafood, and vegetables. A ...

* Christmas cake or

Christmas pudding Christmas pudding is sweet dried-fruit pudding traditionally served as part of Christmas dinner in Britain and other countries to which the tradition has been exported. It has its origins in medieval England, with early recipes making use of ...

Custard Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin. Depending on the recipe, custard may vary in consistency fr ...

Gingerbread Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as cr ...

in Christmas shapes * Christmas

damper A damper is a device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. It may refer to: Music * Damper pedal, a device that mutes musical tones, particularly in stringed instruments * A mute for various brass instruments Structure * Damper (flow), a mechan ...

– in

wreath A wreath () is an assortment of flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, or various materials that is constructed to form a circle . In English-speaking countries, wreaths are used typically as household ornaments, most commonly as an Advent and Chri ...

or star shape, served with

butter Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 80% butterfat. It is used at room temperature as a spread, melted as a condim ...

, jam,

honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...

or golden syrup. Made in the

Australian bush "The bush" is a term mostly used in the English vernacular of Australia and New Zealand where it is largely synonymous with '' backwoods'' or ''hinterland'', referring to a natural undeveloped area. The fauna and flora contained within this ...

in the 19th century. *

Lollies Candy, also called sweets (British English) or lollies (Australian English, New Zealand English), is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, called '' sugar confectionery'', encompasses any sweet confection, ...

, such as rocky road;

rum ball __NOTOC__ Rum balls are a truffle-like confectionery cake of cookie butter flavoured with chocolate and rum. They are roughly the size of a golf ball and often coated in chocolate sprinkles, desiccated coconut, or cocoa. As their name implies, ...

candy cane A candy cane is a cane-shaped stick candy often associated with Christmastide, as well as Saint Nicholas Day. It is traditionally white with red stripes and flavored with peppermint, but they also come in a variety of other flavors and colors. ...

s *

Champagne Champagne (, ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, that demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, ...

Eggnog Eggnog (), historically also known as a milk punch or an egg milk punch when alcoholic beverages are added, is a rich, chilled, sweetened, dairy-based beverage. It is traditionally made with milk, cream, sugar, egg yolks, and whipped egg white ...

Trifle Trifle is a layered dessert of English origin. The usual ingredients are a thin layer of sponge fingers or sponge cake soaked in sherry or another fortified wine, a fruit element (fresh or jelly), custard and whipped cream layered in that ord ...

* Pavlova *

Prawns Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (which is a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten. The term "prawn"Mortenson, Philip B (2010''This is not a weasel: a close look at nature ...

Mince pie A mince pie (also mincemeat pie in the United States, and fruit mince pie in Australia and New Zealand) is a sweet pie of English origin filled with mincemeat, being a mixture of fruit, spices and suet. The pies are traditionally served durin ...

* Christmas cookies

Belarus

Borscht Borscht () is a sour soup common in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. In English, the word "borscht" is most often associated with the soup's variant of Ukrainian origin, made with red beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which g ...

* Kutya

Belgium

Cougnou The ''cougnou'' or bread of Jesus is a bread baked during Christmas time and is typical of the southern Low Countries. It has various names according to the location: * ''Coquille'' in Romance Flanders (Lille and Tournai), * ''Cougnolle'' o ...

(with various like ''cougnolle''), sweet bread in the form of the

infant Jesus The Christ Child, also known as Divine Infant, Baby Jesus, Infant Jesus, the Divine Child, Child Jesus, the Holy Child, Santo Niño, and to some as Señor Noemi refers to Jesus Christ from his nativity to age 12. The four canonical gospels, a ...

Brazil

Panettone - Nicolettone 2017 - IMG 7085 (31752542285)

* Lombo à Califórnia –

pork loin File:British Pork Cuts.svg, 250px, British cuts of pork poly 187 219 187 194 173 196 Trotters poly 372 226 373 207 361 204 359 216 Trotters poly 171 141 166 104 287 117 294 152 Belly poly 167 102 178 27 315 23 274 102 Loin poly 361 201 371 18 ...

s * Rabanada – French toast * Leitão assado – roasted piglet * Peru – roast

Farofa ''Farofa'' () is a type of meal made from toasted cassava. It is eaten mainly in Brazil. It can be found commercially produced and packaged but can also be prepared at home based on family recipes. Most recipes will also contain varying amou ...

* Pavê –

trifle Trifle is a layered dessert of English origin. The usual ingredients are a thin layer of sponge fingers or sponge cake soaked in sherry or another fortified wine, a fruit element (fresh or jelly), custard and whipped cream layered in that ord ...

Ham Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking."Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in ''Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39. As a processed meat, the term "ham ...

Bacalhau () is the Portuguese word for cod and—in a culinary context—dried and salted cod. Fresh (unsalted) cod is referred to as (fresh cod). Portuguese and other cuisines dishes are common in Portugal, and also in former Portuguese colonies ...

– codfish *

Brazil nut The Brazil nut (''Bertholletia excelsa'') is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and it is also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest ...

* Arroz à grega *

Potato salad Potato salad is a salad dish made from boiled potatoes, usually containing a dressing and a variety of other ingredients such as boiled eggs and raw vegetables. In the United States, it is generally considered a side dish and usually accompanie ...

* Salpicão – chicken salad with raisins *

Crème caramel Crème caramel (), flan, caramel pudding or caramel custard is a custard dessert with a layer of clear caramel sauce. History The origin of crème caramel (also known originally as flan) can be traced all the way back to the Roman Empire. Orig ...

Mousse A mousse (; ; "foam") is a soft prepared food that incorporates air bubbles to give it a light and airy texture. Depending on preparation techniques, it can range from light and fluffy to creamy and thick. A mousse may be sweet or savory. as ...

Grape juice Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23 percent of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as '' must''. The sugars in grape juice allow it to ...

Wine Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from Fermentation in winemaking, fermented grapes. Yeast in winemaking, Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different ...

Canada

Bûche de Noël A Yule log or bûche de Noël () is a traditional Christmas cake, often served as a dessert near Christmas, especially in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and several former French colonies such as Canada, Vietnam, and Lebanon. ...

Butter tart A butter tart (french: tarte au beurre) is a type of small pastry tart highly regarded in Canadian cuisine. The sweet tart consists of a filling of butter, sugar, syrup, and egg, baked in a pastry shell until the filling is semi-solid with a c ...

s *

Candy cane A candy cane is a cane-shaped stick candy often associated with Christmastide, as well as Saint Nicholas Day. It is traditionally white with red stripes and flavored with peppermint, but they also come in a variety of other flavors and colors. ...

s *

Fruitcake Fruitcake (or fruit cake or fruit bread) is a cake made with candied or dried fruit, nuts, and spices, and optionally soaked in spirits. In the United Kingdom, certain rich versions may be iced and decorated. Fruitcakes are typically serv ...

Cranberry sauce Cranberry sauce or cranberry jam is a sauce or relish made out of cranberries, commonly served as a condiment or a side dish with Thanksgiving dinner in North America and Christmas dinner in the United Kingdom and Canada. There are differences ...

* Roasted turkey *

Shortbread Shortbread or shortie is a traditional Scottish biscuit usually made from one part white sugar, two parts butter, and three to four parts plain wheat flour. Unlike many other biscuits and baked goods, shortbread does not contain any leavening, ...

Chile

Cola de mono Cola de mono or Colemono (literally, ''monkey's tail'') is a traditional Chilean drink served around Christmas time. It is similar to a White Russian. Although there are many versions of this drink, it contains mainly aguardiente, milk, sugar, ...

– (literally, "monkey's tail") a Chilean Christmas beverage, with

aguardiente ( Spanish), or ( Portuguese) ( eu, pattar; ca, aiguardent; gl, augardente), is a generic term for alcoholic beverages that contain between 29% and 60% alcohol by volume (ABV). It originates in the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and in ...

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digest solid food. Immune factors and immune-modulat ...

coffee Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It is the most popular hot drink in the world. Seeds of ...

, and flavoured with

vanilla Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus '' Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla ('' V. planifolia''). Pollination is required to make the plants produce the fruit from whic ...

and

clove Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (). They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring or fragrance in consumer products, ...

s * Pan de Pascua – Chilean Christmas sponge cake flavoured with cloves and with bits of

candied fruit Candied fruit, also known as glacé fruit, is whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it. Depending on the size and type of ...

raisin A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, the word ''raisin'' is reserved for the ...

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus ''Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true ...

s and

almond The almond (''Prunus amygdalus'', syn. ''Prunus dulcis'') is a species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries, including the Levant. The almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Within the genu ...

s. * Roasted turkey * Ponche a la romana – eggnog-style beverage made of champagne and pineapple-flavoured icecream.

China

* Hotpot *

Jiaozi ''Jiaozi'' (; ; pinyin: jiǎozi) are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. ''Jiaozi'' are folded to resemble Chinese sycee and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. ''Jiaozi'' are ...

Colombia

Colombian Christmas dishes are mostly sweets and desserts. Some of the most popular dishes include: * Buñuelos *

Natilla Manjar blanco (), also known as manjar de leche or simply manjar, is a term used in Spanish-speaking area of the world in reference to a variety of milk-based delicacies. In Spain the term refers to blancmange, a European delicacy found in vari ...

Manjar blanco Manjar blanco (), also known as manjar de leche or simply manjar, is a term used in Spanish-speaking area of the world in reference to a variety of milk-based delicacies. In Spain the term refers to blancmange, a European delicacy found in vari ...

* Hojaldres * Brevas dessert with cheese *

Christmas cookies Christmas cookies or Christmas biscuits are traditionally sugar cookies or biscuits (though other flavours may be used based on family traditions and individual preferences) cut into various shapes related to Christmas. History Modern Christma ...

* Sweet bread filled with fruits like raisins and raspberries. * Lechona (rice baked inside a pig, with peas, the meat of the pig and other delicacies) * Tamales * Ponqué envinado (red wine cake) * Turkey * Pernil de Cerdo (pork leg, usually roasted) * Potato salad * Panettone

Cuba

* Crema De Vie – Eggnog made with rum, lemon rind, and spices. * Majarete – A pudding made with corn, cornstarch, milk, lemon rind, spices, and sugar *

Platillo Moros y Cristianos is a traditional Cuban dish served both in homes and in restaurants. It is the Cuban version of rice and beans, a dish found throughout Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the Southern United States. Etymology means 'Moors and Christians'. ...

* Lechon asado *

Czech Republic and Slovakia

* ''Kapustnica'' – Christmas

cabbage soup Cabbage soup may refer to any of the variety of soups based on various cabbages, or on sauerkraut and known under different names in national cuisines. Often it is a vegetable soup. It may be prepared with different ingredients. Vegetarian cabb ...

* Fish soup * Fried

carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

with

mayonnaise Mayonnaise (; ), colloquially referred to as "mayo" , is a thick, cold, and creamy sauce or dressing commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, composed salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tarta ...

, hard-boiled eggs and boiled vegetables * ''Kuba'' –

groats Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oat, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosp ...

and

mushrooms A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. ''Toadstool'' generally denotes one poisonous to humans. The standard for the name "mushroom" is ...

* Grilled white sausage * Vánoční cukroví –

* Christmas bread (''vánočka'') * Fruitcake *

Before the Christmas holidays, many kinds of sweet biscuits are prepared. These sweet biscuits are then served during the whole Christmas period and exchanged among friends and neighbours. Also very popular are a preparation of small gingerbreads garnished by sugar icing.

Denmark

Æbleskiver Æbleskiver (, ingular: ''æbleskive'' are spherically-shaped Danish snacks made from fried batter. The name literally means "apple slices" in Danish, although apples are not usually an ingredient in present-day versions. The crust is similar in ...

– traditional Danish dough ball made in a special pan (a type of

doughnut A doughnut or donut () is a type of food made from leavened fried dough. It is popular in many countries and is prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and fra ...

with no hole), sprinkled with

powdered sugar Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, or icing sugar, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains between 2% and 5% of an anti-caking agent – such as corn starch, p ...

and served with

raspberry The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus ''Rubus'' of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus '' Idaeobatus''. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with ...

strawberry The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; ''Fragaria × ananassa'') is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus '' Fragaria'', collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely ap ...

jam * Sylte – a form of

head cheese Head cheese ( Dutch: ''hoofdkaas'') or brawn is a cold cut terrine or meat jelly that originated in Europe. It is made with flesh from the head of a calf or pig (less commonly a sheep or cow), typically set in aspic, and usually eaten cold, ...

, a terrine or meat jelly made from pork, traditionally pig's head was used * Julesild – spiced

pickled herring Pickled herring is a traditional way of preserving herring as food by pickling or curing. Most cured herring uses a two-step curing process: it is first cured with salt to extract water; then the salt is removed and the herring is brined in ...

often flavoured with Christmas spices such as

cloves Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (). They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring or Aroma compound, fragrance in fi ...

and

allspice Allspice, also known as Jamaica pepper, myrtle pepper, pimenta, or pimento, is the dried unripe berry of ''Pimenta dioica'', a midcanopy tree native to the Greater Antilles, southern Mexico, and Central America, now cultivated in many warm par ...

* Boiled whole potatoes * Brun sovs (

brown sauce Brown sauce is a condiment commonly served with food in the United Kingdom and Ireland, normally dark brown in colour. The taste is either tart or sweet with a peppery taste similar to that of Worcestershire sauce. Brown sauce is typically eate ...

) – a traditional dark gravy, used to cover meat dishes like roasted pork and duck (''flæskesteg'', ''andesteg'') and the boiled potato * Brunede kartofler – caramelised

potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Uni ...

es * Julebryg – Christmas beer * Gløgg – mulled red wine combined with spices, sugar, raisins and chopped almonds typically served warm * Risalamande –

rice pudding Rice pudding is a dish made from rice mixed with water or milk and other ingredients such as cinnamon, vanilla and raisins. Variants are used for either desserts or dinners. When used as a dessert, it is commonly combined with a sweetener such ...

. A dish made from rice, whipped cream and almonds, served cold with

cherry A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus ''Prunus'', and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit). Commercial cherries are obtained from cultivars of several species, such as the sweet ''Prunus avium'' and the sour '' Prunus cerasus''. The n ...

sauce (''kirsebærsauce'') * Flæskesteg – roast

pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved ...

with cracklings * Andesteg – roast duck with apple and prune stuffing * Rødkål –

red cabbage The red cabbage (purple-leaved varieties of ''Brassica oleracea'' Capitata Group) is a kind of cabbage, also known as Blaukraut after preparation. Its leaves are colored dark red/purple. However, the plant changes its color according to the pH ...

pickled, sweet-sour red cabbage served hot as a side dish * Christmas cookies – Vaniljekranse, klejner, jødekager, pebernødder, honningkager, brunkager and finskbrød * Konfekt, marzipan, caramelised fruits, nougat and chocolate-covered nuts * Ground nuts

Dominican Republic

Croquette A croquette is a deep-fried roll consisting of a thick binder combined with a filling, which is breaded and deep-fried; it is served as a side dish, a snack, or fast food worldwide. The binder is typically a thick béchamel or brown sau ...

Empanada An empanada is a type of baked or fried turnover consisting of pastry and filling, common in Spanish, other Southern European, Latin American, and Iberian-influenced cultures around the world. The name comes from the Spanish (to bread, i ...

* Ensalada Rusa –

Olivier salad Olivier salad ( rus, link=no, салат Оливье, salat Olivye) is a traditional salad dish in Russian cuisine, which is also popular in other post-Soviet countries and around the world. In different modern recipes, it is usually made with ...

(Russian potato salad) * Ensalada verde – iceberg lettuce, onions, cucumber, and tomatoes salad * Moro de guandules con coco – rice with

pigeon pea The pigeon pea (''Cajanus cajan'') is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the Old World. The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Sout ...

s and coconut milk * Pasteles de hojas – Puerto Rican tamales * Pastelon – casserole *

Pig roast A pig roast or hog roast is an event or gathering which involves the barbecuing of a whole pig. Pig roasts, under a variety of names, are a common traditional celebration event in many places including the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cub ...

* Pollo al horno – roasted chicken * Telera – Dominican bread similar to Mexican telera Drinks: *

Anisette Anisette, or Anis, is an anise-flavored liqueur that is consumed in most Mediterranean countries. It is colorless, and because it contains sugar, is sweeter than dry anise flavoured spirits (e.g. absinthe). The most traditional style of anisette ...

– anise-flavored liquor * Guavaberry – a drink from the

Lesser Antilles The Lesser Antilles ( es, link=no, Antillas Menores; french: link=no, Petites Antilles; pap, Antias Menor; nl, Kleine Antillen) are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. Most of them are part of a long, partially volcanic island arc be ...

historic Saint Martin natives now a part of the Dominican Republics Christmas tradition * Ponche crema – eggnog * Jengibre –

ginger tea Ginger (''Zingiber officinale'') is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of lea ...

with spices and lemon * Mandarin Liqueur – Mandarin peels fermented with rum and sugar Desserts: * Buñuelos – fried cassava dough balls covered in spiced flavored syrup *

– honey and almond nougat. Tradition from Spain * Vaniljekranse – Danish butter cookies * Fruits and nuts – a variety of nuts, fresh, and dried fruit

Finland

Christmas smorgasbord from Finland, "

Joulupöytä ''Joulupöytä'' (; translating to "Yule table") is the traditional assortment of foods served at Christmas in Finland. It contains many different dishes, most of them typical for the season. The main dish is usually a large Christmas ham, whic ...

", (translated "Yule table"), a traditional display of Christmas food served at Christmas in Finland, similar to the Swedish

smörgåsbord Smörgåsbord () is a buffet-style meal of Swedish origin. It is served with various hot and cold dishes. Smörgåsbord became internationally known at the 1939 New York World's Fair when it was offered at the Swedish Pavilion "Three Crowns ...

, including: *

Christmas ham A Christmas ham or Yule ham is a ham often served for Christmas dinner or during Yule in Northern Europe and the Anglosphere. The style of preparation varies widely by place and time. Despite the common claim that the tradition of eating ham is ...

with

mustard Mustard may refer to: Food and plants * Mustard (condiment), a paste or sauce made from mustard seeds used as a condiment * Mustard plant, one of several plants, having seeds that are used for the condiment ** Mustard seed, seeds of the mustard p ...

(almost every family has one for Christmas) * Freshly salted salmon ('' gravlax graavilohi'') and whitefish ''graavisiika'' * Pickled

herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean ...

in various forms (tomato, mustard, ''matjes'' or onion sauces) *

Rosolli In Finnish cuisine, rosolli is a salad eaten mostly as a cold side dish, in particular as part of the traditional Finnish Christmas meal. Overview Rosolli is made of cooked, diced root vegetables, especially beetroot, carrot and potato, often ...

(cold salad dish with diced beetroot, potato and carrot – some varieties also incorporate apple) *

Lutefisk ''Lutefisk'' ( Norwegian, in Northern and parts of Central Norway, in Southern Norway; sv, lutfisk ; fi, lipeäkala ; literally " lye fish") is dried whitefish (normally cod, but ling and burbot are also used). It is made from aged sto ...

and

Béchamel sauce Bechamel sauce ( ) is a sauce traditionally made from a white roux (butter and flour in a 1:1 mixture by weight) and milk. Bechamel may also be referred to as besciamella (Italy), besamel (Greece), or white sauce (U.S.). French, Italian and Gree ...

* Whitefish and

pikeperch ''Sander'' (formerly known as ''Stizostedion'') is a genus of predatory ray-finned fish in the family Percidae, which also includes the perches, ruffes, and darters. They are also known as "pike-perch" because of their resemblance to fish i ...

* Potato

casserole A casserole (French: diminutive of , from Provençal 'pan') is a normally large deep pan or bowl a casserole is anything in a casserole pan. Hot or cold History Baked dishes have existed for thousands of years. Early casserole recipes c ...

( sweetened or not, depending on preference) * Boiled

es * Carrot

Rutabaga Rutabaga (; North American English) or swede (British English and some Commonwealth English) is a root vegetable, a form of ''Brassica napus'' (which also includes rapeseed). Other names include Swedish turnip, neep (Scots), and turnip (Scott ...

casserole (''lanttulaatikko'') * Various

sauce In cooking, a sauce is a liquid, cream, or semi-solid food, served on or used in preparing other foods. Most sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to a dish. ''Sauce'' is a French wor ...

s * Assortment of

cheese Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During productio ...

, most commonly (''

leipäjuusto Leipäjuusto (bread cheese) or juustoleipä ( fit, kahvijuusto; sv, kaffeost or ''brödost''), also known in the United States as Finnish squeaky cheese, is a Finnish fresh cheese traditionally made from cow's beestings, rich milk from a cow tha ...

'') and Aura (''aura-juusto'') * Christmas bread, usually sweet bread (''Joululimppu'') *

Karelian pasties Karelian pasties, Karelian pies or Karelian pirogs ( krl, kalittoja, singular ''kalitta''; Olonets Karelian: ''šipainiekku''; fi, karjalanpiirakat, singular ''karjalanpiirakka''; russian: карельский пирожок ''karelskiy pirozhok ...

, rice pasties, served with egg-butter (''Karjalanpiirakka'') Other meat dishes could be: * Karelian hot pot, traditional meat stew originating from the region of

Karelia Karelia ( Karelian and fi, Karjala, ; rus, Каре́лия, links=y, r=Karélija, p=kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə, historically ''Korjela''; sv, Karelen), the land of the Karelian people, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance fo ...

(''Karjalanpaisti'') Desserts: *

Rice pudding Rice pudding is a dish made from rice mixed with water or milk and other ingredients such as cinnamon, vanilla and raisins. Variants are used for either desserts or dinners. When used as a dessert, it is commonly combined with a sweetener such ...

or rice porridge topped with cinnamon, sugar and cold milk or with mixed fruit soup (''riisipuuro'') * Joulutorttu, traditionally a star-shaped piece of puff-pastry with prune marmalade in the middle *

, sometimes in the form of a

gingerbread house Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg, and cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar, or molasses. Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as crisp as ...

gingerbread man A gingerbread man or a Gingerbread man cookie is a biscuit or cookie made from gingerbread, usually in the shape of a stylized form / caricature of a human being, although other shapes, especially seasonal themes (Christmas, Halloween, Easter, et ...

(''piparkakut'') * Mixed fruit soup or prune soup, kissel (''sekahedelmäkiisseli, luumukiisseli'') Drinks: *

Glögg Glögg, gløgg or glögi ( da, gløgg, no, gløgg, sv, glögg, is, glögg, fo, gløgg, fi, glögi, et, glögi) is a spiced, usually Alcoholic drink, alcoholic, mulled wine or Alcoholic spirit, spirit. It is a traditional Nordic drink dur ...

mulled wine Mulled wine, also known as spiced wine, is an alcoholic drink usually made with red wine, along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins, served hot or warm. It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas. It is us ...

(''glögi'') * Christmas beer (''Jouluolut''); local manufacturers produce Christmas varieties * "Home beer" (non-alcoholic beer-like drink, similar to the Russian beverage

kvass Kvass is a fermented cereal-based low alcoholic beverage with a slightly cloudy appearance, light-brown colour and sweet-sour taste. It may be flavoured with berries, fruits, herbs or honey. Kvass stems from the northeastern part of Europe, ...

) (''kotikalja'')

France

Oyster Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not ...

s *

Foie gras Foie gras (, ; ) is a specialty food product made of the liver of a duck or goose. According to French law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a duck or goose fattened by gavage (force feeding). Foie gras is a popular and well-known delica ...

Smoked salmon Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked. Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy. Although the term lox is sometimes applied to smoked salmon, t ...

Scallops Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of Marine (ocean), marine bivalve mollusc, mollusks in the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Family (biology), family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also s ...

Crêpe A crêpe or crepe ( or , , Quebec French: ) is a very thin type of pancake. Crêpes are usually one of two varieties: ''sweet crêpes'' () or ''savoury galettes'' (). They are often served with a wide variety of fillings such as cheese, ...

s (

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period ...

) * chapon (roasted chicken) * dinde aux marrons (

chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. The unrel ...

-stuffed turkey) * Ganzeltopf (goose) (

Alsace Alsace (, ; ; Low Alemannic German/ gsw-FR, Elsàss ; german: Elsass ; la, Alsatia) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland. In 2020, it had ...

) *

Goose A goose ( : geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (the grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (the black geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the ...

(

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

) *

* Kouglof (Alsace) *

Thirteen desserts The thirteen desserts (Occitan: ''lei tretze dessèrts'') are the traditional dessert foods used in celebrating Christmas in the French region of Provence. The "big supper" (''le gros souper'') ends with a ritual 13 desserts, representing Jesus ...

(

Provence Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bo ...

): The ''thirteen desserts'' are the traditional Christmas

dessert Dessert is a course that concludes a meal. The course consists of sweet foods, such as confections, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine and liqueur. In some parts of the world, such as much of Greece and West Africa, and most parts o ...

in the

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

region of

. The

Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year ...

supper ends with 13 dessert items, representing

Jesus Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and relig ...

and the 12 apostles. The desserts are traditionally set out Christmas Eve and remain on the table three days until December 27. *

Walnut A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus ''Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true ...

Quince cheese Quince cheese (also known as quince paste) is a sweet, thick jelly made of the pulp of the quince fruit. It is a common confection in several countries. Traditionally from Mediterranean. In Iberian Peninsula, it is called ''ate'' or ''dulce d ...

Almond The almond (''Prunus amygdalus'', syn. ''Prunus dulcis'') is a species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries, including the Levant. The almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Within the genu ...

Raisin A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, the word ''raisin'' is reserved for the ...

Calisson Calissons are a traditional French candy consisting of a smooth, pale yellow, homogeneous paste of candied fruit (especially melons and oranges) and ground almonds topped with a thin layer of royal icing. They have a texture similar to that of m ...

Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence (, , ; oc, label= Provençal, Ais de Provença in classical norm, or in Mistralian norm, ; la, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix ( medieval Occitan: ''Aics''), is a city and commune in southern France, about north of Marseille ...

Nougat Nougat ( , ; ; az, nuqa; fa, نوقا) is a family of confections made with sugar or honey, roasted nuts (almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, and macadamia nuts are common), whipped egg whites, and sometimes chopped candied fruit. ...

blanc *

noir au miel *

Apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus '' Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancest ...

Pear Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and harvested in the Northern Hemisphere in late summer into October. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus ''Pyrus'' , in the Family (biology), family Rosacea ...

Orange Orange most often refers to: *Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' ** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower *Orange (colour), from the color of an orange, occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum * ...

Winter melon ''Benincasa hispida'', the wax gourd, also called ash gourd, white gourd, winter gourd, winter melon, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the o ...

* Fougasse (Provençal bread)

Germany

* Christstollen – Stollen is a fruitcake with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds and spices such as cardamom and cinnamon; sprinkled with confectioners sugar. Often there's also a core of marzipan. * Pfefferkuchenhaus – a gingerbread house decorated with candies, sweets and sugar icing (in reference to the gingerbread house of the fairy tale Hänsel and Gretel) * Printen * Oblaten

Lebkuchen (), or , are a honey-sweetened German cake molded cookie or bar cookie that has become part of Germany's Christmas traditions. It is similar to gingerbread. Etymology The etymology of ''Leb-'' in the term ''Lebkuchen'' is uncertain. Pro ...

Springerle Springerle is a type of South German biscuit or cookie with an embossed design made by pressing a mold onto rolled dough and allowing the impression to dry before baking. This preserves the detail of the surface pattern. While historical molds sh ...

* Weihnachtsplätzchen (

) *

Carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

Roast goose In cooking and gastronomy, goose is the meat of several species of bird in the family Anatidae. The goose is in the biological family of birds including ducks, and swans, known as the family of Anatidae. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution. ...

Venison Venison originally meant the meat of a game animal but now refers primarily to the meat of antlered ungulates such as elk or deer (or antelope in South Africa). Venison can be used to refer to any part of the animal, so long as it is edible, ...

– e.g. meat of

roe deer The roe deer (''Capreolus capreolus''), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapt ...

usually served with red cabbage, brussels sprout and lingonberry sauce * Herring salad – salad of pickled or

soused herring Soused herring is raw herring soaked in a mild preserving liquid. It can be raw herring in a mild vinegar pickle or Dutch brined herring. As well as vinegar, the marinade might contain cider, wine or tea, sugar, herbs (usually bay leaf), spic ...

, beetroot, potatoes, apple * Kartoffelsalat (potato salad) with Wurst (sausages) is traditionally eaten in northern Germany for supper on Christmas Eve *

Schäufele ''Schäufele'' (also "Schäuferle", "Schüfeli", "Schäuferla" or "Schäufelchen") is a traditional dish from the south of Germany. It is made from the pig's shoulder meat, which gives the dish its name, "Schäufele", or the pig's scapula. Depe ...

(a corned, smoked ham) usually served with potato salad in southern Germany for dinner on Christmas Eve *

Weisswurst A Weisswurst (German ''Weißwurst'' , literally ''white sausage''; bar, Weißwuascht) is a traditional Bavarian sausage made from minced veal and pork back bacon. It is usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom, ...

– sausages with veal and bacon, usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom *

Feuerzangenbowle ' () () is a traditional German alcoholic drink for which a rum-soaked sugarloaf is set on fire and drips into mulled wine. It is often part of a Christmas or New Year's Eve tradition. The name translates literally as ''fire-tongs punch'', “ ...

Glühwein Mulled wine, also known as spiced wine, is an alcoholic drink usually made with red wine, along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins, served hot or warm. It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas. It is us ...

(hot spiced wine)

Greece

Kourabiedes Qurabiya (also ghraybe, ghorayeba, ghoriba ( ar, غريبة), ghribia, ghraïba, or ghriyyaba and numerous other spellings and pronunciations) is a shortbread-type biscuit, usually made with ground almonds. Versions are found in most Arab and Ot ...

Melomakarono The melomakarono ( el, μελομακάρονο plural: μελομακάρονα, ''melomakarona'') is an egg-shaped Greek dessert made mainly from flour, olive oil, and honey. Along with the kourabies it is a traditional dessert prepared pri ...

Diples Diples or Thiples ( el, Δίπλες) is a Greek dessert from the Peloponnese, made of thin sheet-like dough. They are essentially the same as angel wings, except that they are dipped in syrup rather than served dry. The dough is rolled into lo ...

* Christopsomo (Christmas bread) * Pork or

Greenland

Kiviak Kiviak or kiviaq is a traditional wintertime Inuit food from Greenland that is made of little auks (''Alle alle''), a type of seabird, fermented in a seal skin. Up to 500 whole auks are packed into the seal skin, beaks and feathers included. A ...

Guatemala

Tamale A tamale, in Spanish tamal, is a traditional Mesoamerican dish made of masa, a dough made from nixtamalized corn, which is steamed in a corn husk or banana leaf. The wrapping can either be discarded prior to eating or used as a plate. Tam ...

s * Ponche (Christmas fruit punch served hot with much fruit) * pavo (turkey) *

Buñuelo A ''buñuelo'' (; alternatively called ''boñuelo'', ''bimuelo'', ''birmuelo'', ''bermuelo'', ''bumuelo'', ''burmuelo'', or ''bonuelo''; ca, bunyol, ) is a fried dough fritter found in Spain, Latin America, and other regions with a historical co ...

s (fluffy sweet dessert made with corn with maple syrup) *

(prepared with different stuffings and accompanied with various side dishes such as salads or rice)

Hong Kong

Hungary

Fish soup Fish soup is a food made by combining fish or seafood with vegetables and stock, juice, water, or another liquid. Hot soups are additionally characterized by boiling solid ingredients in liquids in a pot until the flavors are extracted, formin ...

(''halászlé'') various recipes *

Stuffed cabbage A cabbage roll is a dish consisting of cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings. It is common to the cuisines of Central, Northern, Eastern and Southeastern Europe and much of Western Asia, Northern China, as well as parts ...

(''töltött káposzta'') *

Roast duck In cooking and gastronomy, duck or duckling is the meat of several species of bird in the family Anatidae, found in both fresh and salt water. Duck is eaten in many cuisines around the world. It is a high-fat, high-protein meat rich in iro ...

* Pastry roll filled with walnut or poppy seed (''bejgli'') * Bread pudding with poppy seed (''mákos guba'' or ''bobájka'') * Szaloncukor * Cheesy Garlic Bread Sticks

Iceland

* Hamborgarhryggur – a smoked, cured pork roast. *

Ptarmigan ''Lagopus'' is a small genus of birds in the grouse subfamily commonly known as ptarmigans (). The genus contains three living species with numerous described subspecies, all living in tundra or cold upland areas. Taxonomy and etymology The ge ...

– gamebird in the grouse family *

Hangikjöt Hangikjöt (; lit. "hung meat") is a traditional festive food in Iceland, served at Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebrat ...

* Oven-roasted turkey * Möndlugrautur – a Christmas

with an almond hidden inside (the same as the Swedish Julgröt) * Caramelised potatoes, Icelandic. ''Brúnaðar kartöflur'' (same as in Danish cuisine). * Pickled

* ''Smákökur'' – small cookies of various sorts ** Jólasúkkulaðibitakökur ** Loftkökur ** Mömmukökur ** Sörur ** Spesiur ** Gyðingakökur ** Piparkökur ** Marens Kornflexkökur *

Laufabrauð (, "leaf bread"; sometimes also called "snowflake bread" in English) is a traditional kind of Icelandic bread that is most often eaten in the Christmas season. Originating from northern Iceland but now eaten throughout the country, it consis ...

– round, very thin flat cakes with a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches), decorated with leaf-like, geometric patterns and fried briefly in hot fat or oil

India

Indian Christians Christianity is India's third-largest religion with about 27.8 million adherents, making up 2.3 percent of the population as of the 2011 census. The written records of the Saint Thomas Christians state that Christianity was introduced to th ...

Indian subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a list of the physiographic regions of the world, physiographical region in United Nations geoscheme for Asia#Southern Asia, Southern Asia. It is situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian O ...

celebrate Christmas by enjoying several dishes, such as Allahabadi cake,

Candy canes A candy cane is a cane-shaped stick candy often associated with Christmastide, as well as Saint Nicholas Day. It is traditionally white with red stripes and flavored with peppermint, but they also come in a variety of other flavors and colors. ...

, Plum cakes etc. Some of the popular dishes eaten during

in India are: * Allahabadi cake. * Christmas cake – a type of

fruit cake Fruitcake (or fruit cake or fruit bread) is a cake made with candied or dried fruit, nuts, and spices, and optionally soaked in spirits. In the United Kingdom, certain rich versions may be iced and decorated. Fruitcakes are typically served ...

. *

Mathri ''Mathri'' ( raj, मठरी, hi, मठी, ''Mathi'') is a Rajasthani snack. It is a kind of flaky biscuit from north-west region of India. Once a local delicacy, ''mathi'' or ''mathri'' as its often called, is now available in almost all s ...

– a traditional flaky biscuit. * Gulab Jamun – a traditional sweet prepared with khoa. *Walnut fudge *

Jalebi ''Jalebi'' (, , , Urdu: جلیبی‎, , , si, පැණි වළලු, ), is a popular sweet snack in south and west Asia, Africa, and Mauritius. It goes by many names, including ''jilapi'', ''zelepi'','' jilebi'', '' jilipi'', ''zulbia'', ...

* Mincemeatpie *

Kheer Kheer, also known as payasam, is a sweet dish and a type of wet pudding popular in the Indian subcontinent, usually made by boiling milk, sugar or jaggery, and rice, although rice may be substituted with one of the following: daals, bulgur w ...

– boiled rice cooked with milk, sugar, saffron and is garnished with nuts such as almonds and pistachios. It can also be made with barley. * Chhena Poda – a dessert made with Chhena (cottage cheese) which is slightly roasted and soaked in sugar syrup. It is garnished with cashew nuts and served. Chhena Poda is popular in the Odisha state of India. It is eaten during the Christmas season but is available throughout the year. *Ghee cookies * Rose cookies *Bolinhas de coco _ a type of coconut cookies * Chocolate covered fruit * Marzipan *

Dumplings Dumpling is a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of dough (made from a variety of starch sources), oftentimes wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, flour, buckwheat or potatoes, and may be filled with meat, fish ...

– dumplings filled with Indian spices with a sweet or savoury filling. *

Tarts A tart is a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry. The pastry is usually shortcrust pastry; the filling may be sweet or savoury, though modern tarts are usually fruit-based, sometimes wit ...

Nankhatai Nankhatai ( bn, নানখাতাই, Hindustani: नानख़टाई (Devanagari) / (Urdu)) are shortbread biscuits originating from the Indian subcontinent, popular in Northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar (formerly Burma ...

* Neureos – a kind of dumpling made of

semolina Semolina is coarsely milled durum wheat mainly used in making couscous, and sweet puddings. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as rice or corn) as well. Ety ...

khoa Khoa, khoya, khowa or mawa is a dairy food widely used in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It is made of either dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating in an open iron pan. It is ...

and

nutlet A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell ...

. *

Roast chicken Roast chicken is chicken prepared as food by roasting whether in a home kitchen, over a fire, or with a rotisserie (rotary spit). Generally, the chicken is roasted with its own fat and juices by circulating the meat during roasting, and theref ...

*Dates roll- a type of Christmas cookies with

dates Date or dates may refer to: *Date (fruit), the fruit of the date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'') Social activity *Dating, a form of courtship involving social activity, with the aim of assessing a potential partner **Group dating * Play date, a ...

Bebinca ''Bebinca'' or ''bebinka'', (Konkani; ''bibik'') is a layer cake of Indo-Portuguese cuisine in Goa, India. In traditional baking, Bebinka has between 7 and 16 layers, but bakeries can modify the cake recipe as per convenience and taste. It ...

– a dessert popular in Goa which is eaten during

season. *

Biryani Biryani () is a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It is made with Indian spices, rice, and usually some type of meat ( chicken, beef, goat, lamb, prawn, fish) or in some cases without any meat, ...

* Stew – stews prepared with chicken, mutton, fish. *

* Cormolas * Aloo Dum *Milk cream _ milk fudge *Chocolate candies * Pitha *

Vindaloo Vindaloo or vindalho is an Indian curry dish, which is originally from Goa, based on the Portuguese dish carne de vinha d'alhos. It is known globally in its British Indian form as a staple of curry house and Indian restaurant menus, and is ofte ...

– a spicy Goan curry with pork made during Christmas. * Fruits, such as

apple An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ' ...

orange Orange most often refers to: *Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' ** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower *Orange (colour), from the color of an orange, occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum * ...

, guava. *

Mixed nuts Mixed nuts are a snack food consisting of any mixture of mechanically or manually combined nuts. Common constituents are peanuts (actually a legume), almonds, walnuts, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts ( filberts), and pecans.NARA (April 2005). ' ...

* Kulkuls * Pilaf *Duck curry * Jujubee *

Cupcakes A cupcake (also British English: fairy cake; Hiberno-English: bun) is a small cake designed to serve one person, which may be baked in a small thin paper or aluminum cup. As with larger cakes, frosting and other cake decorations such as frui ...

Drinks A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their basic function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain drinking water, milk, juice, smoothies a ...

, such as

ginger ale Ginger ale is a carbonated soft drink flavoured with ginger. It is consumed on its own or used as a mixer, often with spirit-based drinks. There are two main types of ginger ale. The golden style is credited to the Irish doctor Thomas Joseph ...

, etc. Church services are also held in churches throughout

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, in which Christmas dinners are held which include dishes such as Allahabadi cake,

candy canes A candy cane is a cane-shaped stick candy often associated with Christmastide, as well as Saint Nicholas Day. It is traditionally white with red stripes and flavored with peppermint, but they also come in a variety of other flavors and colors. ...

, christmas cookies. The '' Koswad'' is a set of sweets and snacks prepared in the

Christmastide Christmastide is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches. In some, Christmastide is identical to Twelvetide. For the Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Church and Methodist Church, Christmastide begins on 24 December ...

by people of the Konkan region. South Indian states such as Kerala have traditions observed of home-brewed

wine Wine is an alcoholic drink typically made from fermented grapes. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide, releasing heat in the process. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are m ...

, mostly grapes but sometimes other fruits as well like Apple & Rose Apple; ethnic recipes of slow-cooked beef fry, Rice & Coconut

Hoppers Hopper or hoppers may refer to: Places *Hopper, Illinois * Hopper, West Virginia * Hopper, a mountain and valley in the Hunza–Nagar District of Pakistan * Hopper (crater), a crater on Mercury People with the name * Hopper (surname) * Grace H ...

, Lamb stew, Fried Rice Indian and Fusion Style; Desserts such as

Falooda A ''falooda'' is a Mughlai Indian version of a cold dessert made with noodles. It has origins in the Persian dish '' faloodeh'', variants of which are found across West, Central, and South Asia. Traditionally it is made by mixing rose syrup, ...

, pastry, and a whole array of steamed, boiled or baked sweets, often with coconut, jaggery, sugar and spices such as cardamom & cloves (

Achappam Achappam ('achu' meaning mould and 'appam' meaning food made with flour) is a deep fried rose cookie made with rice flour. It is a signature Syrian Christian food believed to come from Dutch influence. In Kerala, it is an essential snack for Chri ...

Murukku Murukku (Malayalam – മുറുക്ക്, Tamil – முறுக்கு) is a savoury, crunchy snack originating from the Indian subcontinent. The name ''murukku'' derives from the Tamil word for "twisted", which refers to its shape. ...

, Tapioca_chip, Sukiyan,

Neyyappam Neyyappam (Malayalam: നെയ്യപ്പം) is a sweet rice-based fritter fried in ghee. Neyyappam has its origins in the southern Indian state of Kerala and coastal Karnataka. The name is derived from the words ''neyy'' ( നെയ്� ...

Indonesia

Klappertaart Klappertaart is a Dutch-influenced Indonesian cake originating from Manado, North Sulawesi. ''Klappertaart'' is Dutch for "coconut cake" or "coconut tart" and it's made from flour, sugar, milk, butter, and the flesh and juice of coconuts.

Poffertjes ''Poffertjes'' () are a traditional Dutch batter treat. Resembling small, fluffy pancakes, they are made with yeast and buckwheat flour. Typically, ''poffertjes'' are a sweet treat, served with powdered sugar and butter, and sometimes syrup or ...

* Ayam rica-rica * Lampet * Kohu-kohu * Kidney bean soup

Italy

* ''

'' (Milan) * Pandoro (Verona) * Panforte (Tuscany) * Prosecco (Veneto) * Spumante (Piedmont) * Struffoli (Naples) * Pastiera (Naples) * Duck à l'orange, Duck a L'Orange

Jamaica

* Christmas (fruit) cake or black cake – a heavy fruit cake made with dried fruit, wine and rum. * Roselle (plant), Sorrel – often served to guests with Christmas cake; Sorrel is made from the same sepals as Latin American drink "Jamaica," but is more concentrated and usually flavored with ginger. Adding rum is traditional at Christmas time. * Curry goat * Rice and peas – a Sunday staple, at Christmas dinner is usually made with green (fresh) gungo (pigeon) peas instead of dried kidney beans or other dried legumes. *

* Chicken (food), Chicken * Pine and ginger

Japan

* Christmas cake – the Japanese style Christmas cake is often a white cream cake, sponge cake frosted with whipped cream, topped with strawberries and with a chocolate plate that says Merry Christmas. Yule logs are also available. * Christmas cookies - A Christmas sugar cookie's main ingredients are sugar, flour, butter, eggs, vanilla, and baking powder. Sugar cookies may be formed by hand, dropped, or rolled and cut into shapes. They are commonly decorated with additional sugar, icing, Christmas sprinkles. Decorative shapes and figures can be cut into the rolled-out dough using a cookie cutter. * Christmas cupcakes *

pudding in Japan - a crème caramel ubiquitous in Japanese convenience stores under the name custard pudding. Made with eggs, sugar and milk, sometimes served with whipped cream and a cherry on top. * IKEA French fries * Fruit parfait - Made by boiling cream, egg, sugar and syrup to create layers differentiated by the inclusion of such ingredients as corn flakes and vanilla ice cream. Topped with melon, banana, peach, orange, apple, kiwi, cherries and strawberries and whipped cream. * Gingerbread house * Ice cream * KFC fried chicken – turkey as a dish is virtually unknown in Japan and the popularity of KFC's fried chicken at Christmas is such that orders are placed as much as two months in advance. * Nabemono * Poached egg

* Shōyu ramen * Tamagoyaki - Japan, Japanese Omelette * Yakiniku

Korea

* Korean barbecue, Gogigui * Korean royal cuisine

Lithuania

* Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper – twelve dishes representing the twelve Apostles or twelve months of the year – plays the main role in Lithuanian Christmas tradition. The traditional dishes are served on December 24. ** Poppy milk (''aguonų pienas'') ** Slizikai ( or kūčiukai) – slightly sweet small pastries made from yeast, leavened dough and poppy seed ** Auselės (Deep fried dumplings) ** Herring with carrots (''silkė su morkomis'') ** Herring with mushrooms (''silkė su grybais'') ** Cranberry Kissel - thickened & sweetened juice normally served warm

Malaysia

* Bolo Rei – a type of cake * Chap chye – a vegetable stew * Hotpot, Steamboat – a hotpot dish for communal * Devil's curry – from the Eurasian tradition * Egg salad *

– a spicy Goan curry made usually with pork * Semur (Indonesian stew) *

s * Kue semprong * Pineapple tart * Christmas cake *

Malta

– from the Italian tradition *

– from British Influence * Christmas/Yule log (cake) – a log (similar to a tree's) that is made from chocolate and candied fruits * Mince Pies – from British Influence * Timpana – traditionally served as a starter * Roast Turkey – from British Influence

Mexico

* Meat ** Roasted

– stuffed, roasted turkey served with gravy. ** Glazed ham – ham glazed with honey or sugar dressed with cherries and pineapples. ** Jamón (Spanish Dry-Cured Ham) ** Suckling pig, Lechon **

*** Bacalao (cuisine), Bacalao – cod Basque style. Traditionally eaten in the central and southern states of Mexico. *** Shrimp – cocktail or prepared in Torrejas (dried shrimp pancakes) *** Octopus – cocktail *** Crab * Stews ** Menudo (soup), Menudo – a Christmas morning tradition in northwestern states, Menudo is a tripe and hominy soup. Menudo is often prepared the night before (Christmas Eve) as its cooking time can take up to 5 hours. ** Pozole – hominy soup with added pork * Salads & other side dishes **

s – can sometimes replace the traditional turkey or Bacalao with romeritos, particularly in northern and southern parts of Mexico. ** Ensalada Navideña – Christmas salad with apples, raisins, pecans, and marshmallows. ** Ensalada de Noche Buena – Christmas Eve salad ** Ensalada Rusa – potato salad, particularly popular in northern states. ** Romeritos – also a Christmas tradition of the central region, romeritos are small green leaves similar to Rosemary mixed generally with mole and potatoes. * Sweets **

– fried sweet pastry ** Capirotada – bread pudding **

** Cocada – coconut candy ** Volteado de piña – pineapple upside-down cake. Turned-over cake with cherries and pineapples. ** Carlota de Chocolate – cake ** Mantecados and polvorón, polvorones – crumbly cakes ** Marzipan, almond cakes ** Pan dulce – sweet rolls ** Churros * Fresh Fruit ** Tejocotes ** Guayabas ** Caña de azucar * Drinks ** Champurrado – thick hot chocolate ** Chocolate – hot chocolate ** Cider, Cidra – apple cider ** Atole – corn based drink ** Rompope – similar to eggnog ** Ponche Navideño – a hot, sweet drink made with apples, sugar cane, prunes and Crataegus mexicana, tejocotes. For grown-ups, ponche is never complete without its "piquete" – either tequila or rum

Netherlands

* Banket (pastry), Banket * Chocolate coin * Chocolate letter * Kruidnoten * Mandarin orange * Marzipan * Mixed spice * Mulled wine * Oliebol * Pepernoot * Speculaas

New Zealand

* Hāngī * Pavlova *

* Turkey (food), Turkey * Strawberry, Strawberries * Christmas Pudding * Christmas mince pie, mince * Wine *

* Lollies such as Warheads and candy canes *

* Peanuts * Cherries * Seafood

Norway

Freshly baked gingerbread - Christmas 2004

* Akevitt – Akvavit, a spirit flavored with spices like caraway and aniseed * Gløgg –

* Julepølse – pork sausage made with powdered ginger, cloves, mustard seeds and nutmeg. Served steamed or roasted. *

– fish preserved with lye that has been washed and boiled * Pinnekjøtt/Pinnekjøt – salted, dried, and sometimes smoked lamb's ribs which are rehydrated and then steamed, traditionally over birch branches * Pork ribs, Svineribbe – pork belly roasted whole with the skin on. Usually served with red or pickled cabbage, gravy and boiled potatoes. * Rice pudding, Julegrøt – Christmas rice porridge with an almond hidden inside * Julebrus – Norwegian soft drink, usually with a festive label on the bottle. It is brewed by most Norwegian breweries, as a Christmas drink for minors. * Julekake – Norwegian yeast cake with dried fruits and spices * Sossiser – small Christmas sausages * Medisterkaker – large meatballs made from a mix of pork meat and pork fat * Raudkål/Rødkål – sweet and sour

, as a side dish * KålrabistappeKålrotstappe, /Kålrotstappe – Purée of rutabaga, as a side dish * Peparkake/Pepperkake – gingerbread-like spice cookies flavoured with black pepper * Lussekatter – St. Lucia Buns with saffron * Multekrem – a dessert consisting of Cloudberry, cloudberries and whipped cream * Riskrem – Risalamande

Panama

* Arroz con Pollo * Tamales *

* Turkey (food), Turkey * Grapes * Fruit cake * Egg nog *

* Pan de Rosca * Pan Bon * Spaghetti

Paraguay

* Apple cider * Beef Tongue sometimes covered in vinaigrette *

* Clericó (citric alcoholic Drink made out of a mix of fruits and wine) * Chicken (food), Roasted chicken *

* Sopa paraguaya

Philippines

* Bibingka – traditional dessert made with rice flour, sugar, clarified butter and coconut milk. baked in layers and topped with butter and sugar. * Caldereta * Champorado * Churro * Crema de fruta * Embutido (Filipino cuisine), Embutido *

* Hamonado * Kinutil * Suckling pig, Lechon * Mechado * Menudo (stew), Menudo * Morcón (Filipino cuisine), Morcon * Pancit – Filipino style noodle dish made with sliced meat and vegetables * Puto (food), Puto bumbong – a purple-coloured Filipino dessert made of sweet rice cooked in hollow bamboo tubes placed on a special steamer-cooker. When cooked, they are spread with margarine and sprinkled with sugar and grated coconut. * Queso de bola (edam cheese) * Salads (either fruit, coconut or garden) * Tsokolate * Ube halaya

Poland

12 dishes are served as a reminder of the 12 Apostles in the New Testament, Apostles on Christmas Eve, 24 December. Polish people don't eat meat on this day, instead they choose from variety of fish and vegetable dishes. The meal begins when the first star is seen. Uszka-aasica

* Borscht, Barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka (small dumplings) - a classic Polish Christmas starter. * Pierogi with sauerkraut and forest

; filled with cottage cheese and potatoes * Zupa rybna – fish soup * Żurek – soup made of soured rye flour and meat * Zupa grzybowa – mushroom soup made of various forest mushrooms * Bigos – savory stew of cabbage and meat * Kompot – traditional drink a light, refreshing drink most often made of dried or fresh fruit boiled in water with sugar and left to cool and infuse. * Gołąbki – cabbage rolls * Pieczarki marynowane – marinated mushrooms * Kartofle gotowane – simple boiled potatoes sparkled with parsley or dill * Kulebiak – with fish or cabbage and wild mushrooms filling * Ryba smażona or ryba po grecku – fried fish laid under lyers of fried shredded carrots, onions, root celery and leek * Sałatka jarzynowa – salad made with boiled potatoes and carrots with fresh peas, sweetcorn, dill cucumber, and boiled egg, mixed with mayonnaise. * Łamaniec – type of flat and rather hard pancake that is soaked in warm milk with poppy seeds. Eaten in eastern regions such as around * Białystok * Poppy seed roll, Makowiec – poppy seed roll

Portugal

– codfish * Cabrito assado – roasted goat * Borrego assado – roasted lamb * Polvo cozido – boiled octopus * Carne de Vinha d' Alhos – mainly served in Madeira – pork dish * Bolo de mel – mainly served in Madeira - Cake made with molasses * Bolo Rei (king cake) – a beautifully decorated fluffy fruitcake * Bolo-Rei escangalhado (broken king cake) – it is like the first one, but has also cinnamon and chilacayote jam (doce de gila) * Bolo-Rainha (queen cake) – similar to Bolo-Rei, but with only nuts, raisins and almonds * Bolo-Rei de chocolate – it is like the Bolo-Rei, but has less (or no) fruit, nuts, chilacayote jam and many chocolate chips * Broa castelar – a small, soft and thin cake made of sweet potato and orange * Fatias douradas – slices of pan bread, soaked in egg with sugar, fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar and cinnamon * Rabanadas – they are like fatias douradas, but made with common bread * Aletria – composed of pasta, milk, butter, sugar, eggs, lemon peel, cinnamon powder and salt * Formigos – a delicious dessert made with sugar, eggs, pieces of bread, almonds, port wine and cinnamon powder * Filhós / Filhozes / Filhoses – depending on the region, they may be thin or fluffy pieces of a fried dough made of eggs, honey, orange, lemon, flour and anise, sprinkled - or not with icing sugar * Coscorões – thin squares of a fried orange flavoured dough * Azevias de grão, batata-doce ou gila – deep fried thin dough pastries filled with a delicious cream made of chickpea, sweet potato or chilacayote, powdered with sugar and cinnamon * Tarte de amêndoa – almond pie * Tronco de Natal – Christmas log – a Swiss roll, resembling a tree's trunk, filled with chocolate cream, decorated with chocolate and mini – 2 cm Christmas trees * Lampreia de ovos – a sweet made of eggs, well decorated * Sonhos – an orange flavoured fried yeast dough, powdered with icing sugar * Velhoses – they are like the sonhos, but made with pumpkin * Bolo de Natal – Christmas cake * Pudim de Natal – Christmas pudding, similar to flan * Vinho quente – mulled wine made with boiled wine, egg yolk, sugar and cinnamon * Turkey – on the island of Terceira, turkey has recently taken over as the traditional Christmas dish over Bacalhau, due to the influence of American culture on the island, home to the United States Air Force's 65th Air Base Wing.

Puerto Rico

* Arroz con gandules – yellow-rice, pigeon peas, olives, capers, pieces of pork, spices and sofrito cooked in the same pot. * Escabeche – pickled green bananas or cassava and chicken gizzards. * Macaroni salad – with canned tuna and peppers. * Morcilla – blood sausage. * Pasteles – Puerto Rican tamle made from milk, broth, root vegetables, squash, green banana, plantain dough, stuffed with meat, and wrapped in banana leaves. * Hallaca – tamale made from grated cassava and stuffed with meat wrapped in banana leaves. * Pastelón – sweet Plantain (cooking), plantain "lasagna". *

– Puerto Rico is famous for their pig roast. It is also a part (along with arroz con gandules) of their national dish. *

– most commonly made with apples, chorizo and hard-boiled egg (food), eggs. Potatoes are sometimes replaced with cassava. Drinks: * Bilí – Spanish limes or cherries fermented in rum with spices, brown sugar, citrus peels, bay leaves, avocado leaves, often cucumber, ginger, and coconut shells. * Coquito – spiced coconut eggnog. * Coquito de guayaba - spiced guava eggnog with cream cheese or coconut milk added. * Piña colada * Rum punch – rum, orange liqueur, grenadine, ginger ale, grapefruit juice served with fruit, lemon and lime slices. * La Danza – champagne with passion fruit juice, orange liqueur, lime juice, lemon juice, and strawberry juice. Dessert: * Rice pudding#Latin America and the Caribbean, Arroz con dulce – Spiced coconut and raisin rice pudding. * Bread pudding – soaked in coconut milk and served with a guava rum sauce. * Dulce de cassabanana – musk cucumber cooked in syrup topped with walnuts and sour cream on the side. * Dulce de papaya con queso – Fermented green papaya with spices and sugar syrup served with ausubal cheese or fresh white cheese. * Flancocho –

with a layer of cream cheese and Puerto Rican style spongecake underneath. * Majarete – rice and coconut custard. Made with coconut cream, marshmallows, milk, rice flour, sugar, vanilla and sour orange leaves with cinnamon served on top. * Rum cake * Tembleque – a pudding made with cornstarch, coconut cream, sugar, milk, orange blossom water and coconut milk. *

– Sesame brittle or almond brittle. *Mantecaditos – Puerto Rican shortbread cookies. Made with shortening, coconut butter, flour, almond meal, almond flour, vanilla, nutmeg and almond extract. They are usually filled with guava jam or pineapple jam in the middle. *

– Milk, coconut cream and egg yolk custard made with additional cinnamon, cornstarch, sugar, vanilla, lemon zest and orange blossom water. Served in individual ramekins with cinnamon sprinkled on top.

Romania

Romanian Christmas foods are mostly pork-based dishes. Five days before Christmas, Romanians are celebrating the Ignat Day, a religious holy day dedicated to the Holy Martyr Ignatius of Antioch, Ignatius Theophorus, associated with a practice that takes place especially on villages scattered around the country: the ritual of slaughtering the pigs. And they are using everything from the pigs: from their blood to their ears. Five days later their tables are filled not only with generous pork roasts but also with: * Aspic, Piftie – Aspic, pork jelly, made only with pork meat, vegetables and garlic * Lebăr – liver sausages, a local variety of liverwurst * Caltaboș – sausages made from organs * Cârnaţi – pork-based sausages * Sângerete – blood sausages * Tobă –

made from various cuttings of pork, liver boiled, diced and "packed" in pork stomach like a salami * Sarmale – rolls of cabbage pickled in brine and filled with meat and rice (see sarma (food), sarma) * Salată de boeuf – a more recent dish, but highly popular, this type of salad uses boiled vegetables and meat (beef, poultry, even ham). It can include potatoes, carrots, pickled red peppers and cucumbers, egg whites bits. Everything is mixed together with mayonnaise and mustard. *Cozonac, the Romanian equivalent of panettone or List of sweet breads, sweet bread. * Strong spirits: Palinka, Rachiu, Ţuică

Russia

* Kutya

Samoa

* Roast pig, Puaa umu

San Marino

* Bustrengo

Serbia

* Česnica – Christmas soda bread with a silver coin to bring health and good luck baked in the bread. * Koljivo – boiled wheat which is used liturgically in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek Catholic Churches. * Fish soup, Riblja čorba for Christmas Eve

South Africa

Christmas is in the summer time in South Africa, so lots of summer fruits like Watermelon and cantaloupes are enjoyed around the time. Popular desserts include trifle, melktert and peppermint crisp tart. People in South Africa love to Regional variations of barbecue, Braai, and would do that for Christmas or New Year's Day. *Beef tongue *Gammon (meat), Gammon *

*Garden Salad *Turducken *Turkey *Braaivleis *Boerewors *Potjiekos *Breyani *Bobotie *Meatballs *Fried chicken *

*Ice cream *Melktert *Peppermint crisp tart – fridge tart made with peppermint crisp, caramel treat and tennis biscuits *Yogurt tart – fridge tart *Cookies *Hertzoggies *Lamingtons *Watermelon *Melon *Mango *Pineapple *Strawberries * Peanuts * Lollies such as

Spain

* Jamón (Spanish dry-cured ham) * Meat ** Roasted

** Lamb and mutton, Roasted lamb **

*** Langostinos – (Prawn, king prawn) *** Shrimp *** Lobster *** Crab *** Gilt-head bream * Sweets Turrón de Alicante (Casa Mira)

** Yemas de Santa Teresa, Yema – egg-based dessert ** Mantecados and polvorón, polvorones – crumbly cakes ** Marzipan – almond cakes ** King cake known as roscón de Reyes in Spanish and tortell in Catalan. ** Churros

Sweden

* Julebord, Julbord - Christmas Smörgåsbord, smorgasbord ("Christmas table"), a catch-all term for all the dishes served during Christmas Eve: ** Köttbullar – Swedish meatballs ** Julskinka – Christmas ham ** Dopp i grytan ("dipping in the kettle") – dipping bread slices in the ham broth after boiling the Christmas ham. ** Prinskorv – small hot dog sausages ** Fläskkorv – big pork sausage ** Isterband – smoked fresh pork sausage ** Revbensspjäll – spare ribs ** Inlagd sill – pickled

(usually of different types) ** Gravad lax – lox ** Janssons frestelse ("Jansson's Temptation") – warm, scalloped potato

with Anchovy, anchovies ** Vörtlimpa – Swedish rye bread with grated

peel made for Christmas, with or without raisins. ** Knäckebröd – dry crisp bread ** Rödkål – sweet and sour red cabbage, as a side dish ** Grönkål – sweet and sour kale as a side dish ** Brunkål ("brown cabbage") – cabbage flavoured with syrup hence the name ** Rödbetor – sliced beet root ** An array of cheeses – bondost, herrgårdsost, prästost, brunost, mesost (hard goat milk cheese) * Lutfisk – lye-fish (whitefish) that has been boiled served with white gravy * Julmust – a traditional, very sweet, stout-like, Christmas soft drink, originally intended as an alternative to alcohol (drug), alcohol beverage called Mumma *

–

* Knäck or Christmas Butterscotch – Christmas toffee * Pepparkakor (

) – brown cookies flavoured with a variety of traditional Christmas spices * Julost – Christmas cheese * Julgröt – Christmas

with an

hidden inside * Lussekatter – Saint Lucy saffron buns * Limpa bread – orange and rye spice bread

Trinidad and Tobago

In Trinidad and Tobago traditional meals consists of generous helpings of baked ham, pastelles, black fruit cake, sweet breads, along with traditional drinks such as sorrel, ginger beer, and ponche de crème. The ham is the main item on the Christmas menu with sorrel to accompany it. *

*Sorrel *Pastelles also known as Hallacas *Ponche de crème – a version of eggnog *Black cake

Ukraine

Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christians in Ukraine traditionally have two Christmas dinners. The first is a Lent Dinner, it is held on the January 6 and should consist of meatless dishes. The second is a Christmas Festive dinner held on January 7, when the meat dishes and alcohol are already allowed on the table. The dinner normally has 12 dishes which represent Jesus's 12 disciples. Both Christmas dinners traditionally include a number of authentic Ukrainian dishes, which have over thousand-year history and date back to pagan times. * Kutya * Uzvar * Varenyky *

* Deruny * Pampykhy

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, what is now regarded as the traditional meal consists of roast turkey with cranberry sauce, served with roast potatoes and parsnips and other vegetables, followed by

, a heavy steamed pudding made with

, suet, and very little flour. Other roast meats may be served, and in the nineteenth century the traditional roast was goose. The same carries over to Ireland with some variations. * Beef Wellington (alternative main course) * Brandy butter * Bread sauce * Brussels sprouts *

* Bûche de Noël, Chocolate yule log * Christmas cake *

(usually a honey or marmalade glazed roast or boiled gammon joint) *

* Devils on horseback * Dundee cake (traditional Scottish fruit cake) *

* Gravy * Hot chocolate *

s * Mulled wine * Nut roast (a popular vegetarian alternative) * Pigs in Blankets (11630904144)

Pigs in blankets (Chipolata sausages wrapped in bacon) * Turkey (food), Roast turkey * Roast beef * Roasted chestnuts *

* Domestic goose, Roast goose * Common pheasant, Roast pheasant * Roast parsnips and carrots * Roast potatoes (occasionally roasted with goose or duck fat) * Spiced beef (traditionally served in Ireland and Northern Ireland) *

* Tunis Cake * King cake#United Kingdom, Twelfth Night Cake (traditionally eaten on the final day of Christmas)

United States

* Apple cider * Boiled custard *

s *

, or sparkling apple cider * Fudge, Chocolate fudge *

* Fish as part of the Feast of the Seven Fishes *

, often in the form of a

* Hawaiian bread * Hot buttered rum (drink), Hot buttered rum * Hot chocolate * Mashed potatoes *

, chestnuts, dried figs, dried Date (fruit), dates * Oyster stew, composed of oysters simmered in cream or milk and butter. * Persimmon pudding * Pie ** Apple pie ** Pecan pie ** Pumpkin pie ** Sweet potato pie * Yams/sweet potato casserole (with marshmallow) * Red velvet cake * Russian tea cakes * Tom and Jerry (mixed drink), Tom and Jerry * Roast

, less often roast duck (food), duck, goose, chicken or pheasant *

, also known as dressing, particularly in the southern U.S. See also: Thanksgiving (the dishes tend to be similar)

Venezuela

* Hallaca – rectangle-shaped meal made of maize, filled with beef, pork, chicken, olives, raisins and caper, and wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled to cook. * Pan de jamón – ham-filled bread with olives and raisins and often sliced cheese. * Dulce de lechosa – dessert made of cooked sliced unripe papaya in reduced sugar syrup * Ensalada de gallina – salad made of potato, carrot, apple and shredded chicken (hen usually home or locally raised as opposed to store bought chicken) * Pernil – commonly referred to as roast pork

Vietnam

* Bánh chưng * Hotpot, Lẩu

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Christmas Dishes Christmas food, * Lists of foods World cuisine Lists by country Christmas-related lists, Dishes